前言：Is Rinsing Your Sinuses With Neti Pots Safe?用洗鼻壶洗鼻窦安全吗?Little teapots with long spouts have become a fixture i
Is Rinsing Your Sinuses With Neti Pots Safe?用洗鼻壶洗鼻窦安全吗? Little teapots with long spouts have become a fixture in many homes to flush out clogged nasal passages and help people breathe easier.长壶嘴的小茶壶已经成为许多家庭的固定用品，用来冲洗堵塞的鼻腔，帮助人们更轻松地呼吸。Along with other nasal irrigation devices, these devices — commonly called neti pots — use a saline, or saltwater, solution to treat congested sinuses, colds and allergies. They’re also used to moisten nasal passages exposed to dry indoor air. But be careful. Improper use of these neti pots and other nasal irrigation devices can increase your risk of infection.和其他鼻腔冲洗设备一样，这些设备——通常被称为洗鼻壶——使用盐水溶液来治疗鼻塞、感冒和过敏。它们也被用来湿润暴露在干燥室内空气中的鼻腔。但是要小心。不恰当地使用这些洗鼻壶和其他鼻腔冲洗装置会增加感染的风险。Nasal irrigation devices — which include neti pots, bulb syringes, squeeze bottles, and battery-operated pulsed water devices — are usually safe and effective products when used and cleaned properly, says Eric A. Mann, M.D., Ph.D., a doctor at the FDA.FDA的医学博士Eric a . Mann说，鼻腔冲洗装置——包括洗鼻壶、球状注射器、挤压瓶和电池驱动的脉冲水装置——如果使用和清洁得当，通常是安全有效的产品。What does safe use mean? First, rinse only with distilled, sterile or previously boiled water.安全使用是什么意思?首先，只能用蒸馏水、无菌水或之前开过的水冲洗。Tap water isn’t safe for use as a nasal rinse because it’s not adequately filtered or treated. Some tap water contains low levels of organisms — such as bacteria and protozoa, including amoebas — that may be safe to swallow because stomach acid kills them. But in your nose, these organisms can stay alive in nasal passages and cause potentially serious infections. They can even be fatal in some rare cases, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).自来水作为鼻冲洗水是不安全的，因为它没有经过充分的过滤或处理。一些自来水含有低水平的生物，如细菌和原生动物，包括变形虫，这些可能是安全的，因为胃酸会杀死它们。但在你的鼻子里，这些微生物可以在鼻道中存活，并可能导致严重的感染。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的说法，在某些罕见的情况下，它们甚至可能致命。What Types of Water Are Safe to Use?什么类型的水是安全的?Distilled or sterile water, which you can buy in stores. The label will state “distilled” or “sterile.”蒸馏水或无菌水，你可以在商店买到。标签上写着“蒸馏”或“无菌”。Boiled and cooled tap water — boiled for 3 to 5 minutes, then cooled until it is lukewarm. Previously boiled water can be stored in a clean, closed container for use within 24 hours.煮沸并冷却自来水-煮沸3到5分钟，然后冷却到微温。之前煮沸的水可以储存在一个干净的密闭容器中，24小时内使用。Water passed through a filter designed to trap potentially infectious organisms. CDC has information on selecting these filters.· 水要经过一个过滤器，这个过滤器是用来捕捉潜在的传染性有机体的。疾控中心有选择这些过滤器的信息。 Safely Use Nasal Irrigation Devices安全使用鼻腔冲洗装置Second, make sure you follow instructions.第二，确保你遵循指示。“There are various ways to deliver saline to the nose. Nasal spray bottles deliver a fine mist and might be useful for moisturizing dry nasal passages. But irrigation devices are better at flushing the nose and clearing out mucus, allergens and bacteria,” Mann says.“将生理盐水输送到鼻子的方法有很多种。鼻腔喷雾瓶会产生细雾，可能对干燥的鼻腔保湿有用。但冲洗设备在冲洗鼻子、清除粘液、过敏原和细菌方面做得更好，”曼恩说。Information included with the irrigation device might give more specific instructions about its use and care. These devices all work in basically the same way:灌溉装置附带的信息可能会提供有关其使用和护理的更具体说明。这些设备的工作原理基本相同:Leaning over a sink, tilt your head sideways with your forehead and chin roughly level to avoid liquid flowing into your mouth.斜靠在洗手池上，将头斜向一边，额头和下巴保持大致水平，以避免液体流进嘴里。Breathing through your open mouth, insert the spout of the saline-filled container into your upper nostril so that the liquid drains through the lower nostril.张开嘴呼吸，将盛满盐的容器的壶嘴插入上鼻孔，这样液体就会从下鼻孔排出。Clear your nostrils. Then repeat the procedure, tilting your head sideways, on the other side.清理你的鼻孔。然后重复这个步骤，把头斜向另一边。Sinus rinsing can remove dust, pollen and other debris, as well as help to loosen thick mucus. It can also help relieve nasal symptoms of sinus infections, allergies, colds and flu. Plain water can irritate your nose. The saline allows the water to pass through delicate nasal membranes with little or no burning or irritation.鼻窦冲洗可以清除灰尘、花粉和其他杂物，也有助于松弛粘稠的粘液。它还可以帮助缓解鼻窦感染、过敏、感冒和流感等鼻腔症状。白开水会刺激鼻子。生理盐水允许水通过脆弱的鼻膜，很少或没有灼烧或刺激。And if your immune system isn’t working properly, consult your health care provider before using any nasal irrigation systems.如果你的免疫系统不能正常工作，在使用任何鼻腔冲洗系统之前咨询你的医疗保健提供者。To use and care for your device:使用和保养您的设备:Wash and dry your hands.洗手并擦干你的手。Check that the device is clean and completely dry.检查设备是否清洁、干燥。Prepare the saline rinse, either with the prepared mixture supplied with the device, or one you make yourself.准备生理盐水冲洗液，可以用设备提供的配制混合物，也可以用你自己配制的。Follow the manufacturer’s directions for use.· 遵循制造商的使用说明。Wash the device, and dry the inside with a paper towel or let it air dry between uses.清洗设备，用纸巾擦干内部，或者在使用期间让它自然干燥。Talk with a health care provider or pharmacist if the instructions on your device do not clearly state how to use it or if you have any questions.如果您的设备上的说明没有明确说明如何使用，或者如果您有任何疑问，请咨询医疗保健提供者或药剂师。Nasal Irrigation Devices and Children鼻冲洗装置和儿童Finally, make sure the device fits the age of the person using it. Some children are diagnosed with nasal allergies as early as age 2 and could use nasal rinsing devices at that time, if a pediatrician recommends it. But very young children might not tolerate the procedure.最后，确保设备适合使用者的年龄。有些孩子早在2岁时就被诊断出患有鼻腔过敏，如果儿科医生建议，他们可以在那个时候使用鼻腔冲洗装置。但是非常年幼的孩子可能无法忍受这种手术。Whether for a child or adult, talk to your health care provider to determine whether nasal rinsing will be safe or effective for your condition. If symptoms are not relieved or worsen after nasal rinsing, then return to your health care provider, especially if you have fever, nosebleeds or headaches while using the nasal rinse.无论是儿童还是成人，都要向你的医疗保健提供者咨询，以确定漱口对你的病情是否安全或有效。如果冲洗鼻水后症状没有缓解或恶化，请返回您的医疗保健提供者，特别是如果您在使用冲洗鼻水时发烧，流鼻血或头痛。Health care professionals and patients can report problems about nasal rinsing devices to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program.卫生保健专业人员和患者可以向FDA的MedWatch安全信息和不良事件报告程序报告有关鼻冲洗装置的问题。 From FDA ( US. Food & Drug Administration )，深圳思博达负责翻译整理 有关洗鼻器国内NMPA 一、二类产品，注册、备案，美国FDA一类备案，欧盟MDR 二类注册，请联系系深圳市思博达彭先生。 深圳市思博达医疗技术服务有限公司（Shenzhen Bosstar Consult Company Limited, 简称BCC）是一家从事医疗器械国际咨询的专业性咨询机构。提供各个国家或地区医疗器械注册认证，包括中国NMPA、美国FDA、510(K)、欧盟MDR CE认证、加拿大MDL认证、澳洲TGA认证等等、医疗器械质量体系审查，如中国医疗器械GMP（包括试剂类）、美国QSR820质量体系场考核、欧盟GMP、日本GMP、巴西GMP、ISO13485等）等多种国际注册及认证的咨询、代理服务；也可为您提供医疗器械风险管理、软件确认、灭菌确认、临床评估、可用性确认等专题培训服务。